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U.S. Senate | ORGANIZATION

 

The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the lower house being the House of Representatives. The composition and powers of the Senate and the House are established in Article One of the Constitution (which does not use the terms "upper" and "lower"). Each U.S state is represented by two senators, regardless of population. This ensures equal representation of each state in the Senate. U.S. Senators serve staggered six-year terms. The chamber of the United States Senate is located in the north wing of the Capitol building, in Washington, D.C., the national capital. The House of Representatives convenes in the south wing of the same building.

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WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Rep. Connie Mack (R-FL) (R) speaks as Rep. Patrick McHenry (R-NC) (L) listens during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Rep. Connie Mack (R-FL) (R) speaks as Rep. Patrick McHenry (R-NC) (L) listens during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

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WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT) (R) talks to an aide during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT) (R) talks to an aide during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

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WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) (R) looks at Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) (L) during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) (R) looks at Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) (L) during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

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WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Rep. Robert Andrews (D-NJ) speaks during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Rep. Robert Andrews (D-NJ) speaks during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

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WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) pauses during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) pauses during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

Getty Images North America 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) listens during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) listens during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

Getty Images North America 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT) speaks during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT) speaks during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

Getty Images North America 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT) (R) speaks as Rep. Robert Andrews (D-NJ) (L) listens during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT) (R) speaks as Rep. Robert Andrews (D-NJ) (L) listens during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

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The House Budget Committee holds a full committee markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010,' a bill to make corrections to the Senate healthcare legislation on March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington. The move is an attempt to enshrine the bill into law with a simple majority of Democratic votes, rather than the 60 votes needed in the 100-member Senate to overcome Republican blocking tactics.

The House Budget Committee holds a full committee markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010,' a bill to make corrections to the Senate healthcare legislation on March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington. The move is an attempt to enshrine the bill into law with a simple majority of Democratic votes, rather than the 60 votes needed in the 100-member Senate to overcome Republican blocking tactics.

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WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Committee ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) (C) listens to an aide during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Committee ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) (C) listens to an aide during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

Getty Images North America 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Committee ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) (R) listens to an aide during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Committee ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) (R) listens to an aide during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

Getty Images North America 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Committee ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) speaks as he points to piles of the health care overhaul legislations during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Committee ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) speaks as he points to piles of the health care overhaul legislations during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

Getty Images North America 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) (L) and ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) (2nd L) listen during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) (L) and ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) (2nd L) listen during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

Getty Images North America 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Committee ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) listens during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation and due to fast-track rules will have to be voted on within 48-hours by the House Rules Committee.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Committee ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) listens during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation and due to fast-track rules will have to be voted on within 48-hours by the House Rules Committee.

Getty Images North America 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) (L) speaks as ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) (R) raises his hand and asks for a roll call vote during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation and due to fast-track rules will have to be voted on within 48-hours by the House Rules Committee.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) (L) speaks as ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) (R) raises his hand and asks for a roll call vote during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation and due to fast-track rules will have to be voted on within 48-hours by the House Rules Committee.

Getty Images North America 

US Democratic Representative from South Carolina John Spratt (L), Chairman of the House Budget Committee, and Ranking Member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-Wisconsin) prepare for the full committee markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010,' a bill to make corrections to the Senate healthcare legislation on March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington. The move is an attempt to enshrine the healthcare reform bill into law with a simple majority of Democratic votes, rather than the 60 votes needed in the 100-member Senate to overcome Republican blocking tactics.

US Democratic Representative from South Carolina John Spratt (L), Chairman of the House Budget Committee, and Ranking Member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-Wisconsin) prepare for the full committee markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010,' a bill to make corrections to the Senate healthcare legislation on March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington. The move is an attempt to enshrine the healthcare reform bill into law with a simple majority of Democratic votes, rather than the 60 votes needed in the 100-member Senate to overcome Republican blocking tactics.

AFP 

US Democratic Representative from South Carolina John Spratt (L), Chairman of the House Budget Committee, and Ranking Member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-Wisconsin) prepare for the full committee markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010,' a bill to make corrections to the Senate healthcare legislation on March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington. The move is an attempt to enshrine the healthcare reform bill into law with a simple majority of Democratic votes, rather than the 60 votes needed in the 100-member Senate to overcome Republican blocking tactics.

US Democratic Representative from South Carolina John Spratt (L), Chairman of the House Budget Committee, and Ranking Member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-Wisconsin) prepare for the full committee markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010,' a bill to make corrections to the Senate healthcare legislation on March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington. The move is an attempt to enshrine the healthcare reform bill into law with a simple majority of Democratic votes, rather than the 60 votes needed in the 100-member Senate to overcome Republican blocking tactics.

AFP 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Committee members participate during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation and due to fast-track rules will have to be voted on within 48-hours by the House Rules Committee.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Committee members participate during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation and due to fast-track rules will have to be voted on within 48-hours by the House Rules Committee.

Getty Images North America 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) (2nd R) listens to his Staff Director and Chief Counsel Thomas Kahn (R) prior to a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation and due to fast-track rules will have to be voted on within 48-hours by the House Rules Committee.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) (2nd R) listens to his Staff Director and Chief Counsel Thomas Kahn (R) prior to a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010' to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation and due to fast-track rules will have to be voted on within 48-hours by the House Rules Committee.

Getty Images North America 

US Democratic Representative from South Carolina John Spratt (C), Chairman of the House Budget Committee, prepares for the full committee markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010,' a bill to make corrections to the Senate healthcare legislation on March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington. The move is an attempt to enshrine the healthcare reform bill into law with a simple majority of Democratic votes, rather than the 60 votes needed in the 100-member Senate to overcome Republican blocking tactics.

US Democratic Representative from South Carolina John Spratt (C), Chairman of the House Budget Committee, prepares for the full committee markup of the 'Reconciliation Act of 2010,' a bill to make corrections to the Senate healthcare legislation on March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington. The move is an attempt to enshrine the healthcare reform bill into law with a simple majority of Democratic votes, rather than the 60 votes needed in the 100-member Senate to overcome Republican blocking tactics.

AFP 

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WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Rep. Connie Mack (R-FL) (R) speaks as Rep. Patrick McHenry (R-NC) (L) listens during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Rep. Connie Mack (R-FL) (R) speaks as Rep. Patrick McHenry (R-NC) (L) listens during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

Getty Images North America 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT) (R) talks to an aide during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT) (R) talks to an aide during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

Getty Images North America 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) (R) looks at Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) (L) during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Ranking member Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) (R) looks at Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) (L) during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

Getty Images North America 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Rep. Robert Andrews (D-NJ) speaks during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Rep. Robert Andrews (D-NJ) speaks during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

Getty Images North America 

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15:  Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) pauses during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

WASHINGTON - MARCH 15: Committee Chairman Rep. John Spratt (D-SC) pauses during a markup hearing before the U.S. House Budget Committee March 15, 2010 on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The committee held a markup of the �Reconciliation Act of 2010� to make corrections to the Senate health care legislation.

Getty Images North America 

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